Nayiloni ndi amodzi mwa malo ochepa omwe ali nawo pamsika akadali wamkulu, kukula kwa msika waku China kukuyembekezeka kukhala pamwamba pa zida zama digito.Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, nayiloni yekha 66 mpaka 2025 kufunika dziko akuyembekezeka kufika matani 1.32 miliyoni, 2021-2025 pachaka pawiri kukula mlingo wa 25%;mpaka 2030 kufunika kwa dziko kudzakhala mu matani 2.88 miliyoni, 2026-2030 pachaka pawiri kukula mlingo wa 17%.Kuphatikiza apo, msika wama nayiloni apadera, monga nayiloni 12, nayiloni 5X ndi ma nayiloni onunkhira, akuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri, kapena kupindula kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 1.

Gawo lazovala

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kwa nayiloni kwakukulu kunali masitonkeni a silika a nayiloni.Mapeyala a 75,000 a masitonkeni anadulidwa mu tsiku limodzi pamene gulu loyamba la masitonkeni opangidwa ndi nayiloni opangidwa mochuluka linayambika pa May 15, 1940. Kugulitsa $ 1.50 peyala, yofanana ndi $ 20 peyala lero.Ena amakhulupirira kuti kubwera kwa nsalu za nayiloni kunachititsa kuti silika wa ku Japan agulitse kwambiri ku United States ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zinayambitsa nkhondo ya Japan yomenyana ndi dziko la United States pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo zinthu za nayiloni zakhala zikudziwika ndi ogula chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo komanso mtengo wabwino wandalama.Masiku ano, moyo ukukwera, koma nayiloni idakali ndi malo akuluakulu muzovala.Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa PRADA umakonda kwambiri nayiloni, chinthu choyamba cha nayiloni chidabadwa mu 1984, patatha zaka zopitilira 30, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake amphamvu, zida za nayiloni zakhala chizindikiro chake chodziwika bwino, chosiyidwa kwambiri ndi makampani opanga mafashoni. .Pakalipano, zopangidwa ndi nayiloni za PRADA zimaphimba nsapato zonse, zikwama ndi zovala, ndipo zosonkhanitsa zinayi zapangidwe zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi fashionistas ndi ogula.Mafashoni amtunduwu amabweretsa phindu lalikulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri yapamwamba komanso yapakati ikhale yabwino ndikutsanzira, zomwe zimabweretsa nayiloni yatsopano m'munda wa zovala.Nayiloni wachikhalidwe monga zovala, ngakhale kuti amavala movutikira, wakhala akutsutsidwa.Pa nthawi ina masokosi a nayiloni ankadziwikanso kuti "masokisi onunkha", makamaka chifukwa cha kusamwa bwino kwa madzi kwa nayiloni.Yankho lapano ndikuphatikiza nayiloni ndi ulusi wina wamankhwala kuti muchepetse kuyamwa komanso kutonthoza.Nylon yatsopano PA56 imayamwa kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi luso lovala bwino ngati chovala.

Mayendedwe

M'dziko lamasiku ano lochepetsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kuchepetsa utsi, opanga magalimoto ochulukirachulukira akupanga kuchepetsa kunenepa kukhala chofunikira pakukonza magalimoto.Pakalipano, kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto iliyonse m'mayiko otukuka ndi 140-160kg, ndipo nayiloni ndiye pulasitiki yofunikira kwambiri yamagalimoto, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira mphamvu, zida zamoto ndi zida zamapangidwe, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 20% ya pulasitiki yonse yamagalimoto. .Tengani injini mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwa kutentha kuzungulira chikhalidwe cha injini yamagalimoto mpaka -40 mpaka 140 ℃, kusankha kwanthawi yayitali kutentha kwa nayiloni, komanso kumatha kusewera mopepuka, kuchepetsa mtengo, phokoso ndi kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi zotsatira zina. .

Mu 2017, chiwerengero cha nayiloni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa galimoto iliyonse ku China chinali pafupifupi 8kg, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumatsalira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi 28-32kg;akuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za nayiloni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto iliyonse ku China zikuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka pafupifupi 15kg, ndipo malinga ndi bungwe la Automotive Industry Association, akuyembekezeka kuti mchaka cha 2025, China ipanga magalimoto 30 miliyoni, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zida za nayiloni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto zidzafika pafupifupi matani 500,000.Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe, kufunikira kwa mapulasitiki m'magalimoto amagetsi ndikokulirapo.Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa Electric Vehicle Network, pa 100kg iliyonse ya kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kuwonjezeka ndi 6% -11%.Kulemera kwa batri kumatsutsananso ndi mtunduwo, ndipo kumachepetsedwa ndi teknoloji ya batri.Chifukwa chake, opanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi mabatire ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa thupi.Tengani Tesla mwachitsanzo, paketi ya batri ya Tesla ModelS imapangidwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu 7104 18650, kulemera kwa paketi ya batri ndi pafupifupi 700 kg, kuwerengera pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwa galimoto yonse, yomwe chitetezo cha batri. paketi imalemera 125 kg.Model 3, komabe, imachepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto ndi makilogalamu oposa 67 pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki pazigawo zamagetsi ndi kapangidwe kake.Kuphatikiza apo, injini zamagalimoto zachikhalidwe zimafuna mapulasitiki kuti asatenthedwe, pomwe magalimoto amagetsi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukana moto.Poganizira izi, nayiloni mosakayikira ndi pulasitiki yabwino kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi.2019 idawona LANXESS ikupanga zida zingapo za PA (Durethan) ndi PBT (Pocan) makamaka zamabatire a lithiamu-ion, ma powertrain amagetsi ndi makina ochapira.

Kutengera kuti phukusi lililonse la batire lagalimoto yatsopano yamagetsi limafuna pafupifupi 30 kg ya mapulasitiki aukadaulo, akuyembekezeka kuti matani 360,000 a mapulasitiki adzafunika pamapaketi a batri okha mu 2025. Nayiloni, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto wamba, imatha kupitiliza kuwala mu magalimoto atsopano mphamvu pambuyo kusinthidwa ndi retardants malawi.

Zochitika zatsopano

Kusindikiza kwa 3D ndiukadaulo waukadaulo wofananira, wofanana ndi mfundo ya kusindikiza wamba, powerenga zidziwitso zapadziko lonse lapansi kuchokera pafayilo ndikusindikiza ndikuphatikiza magawo awa palimodzi wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza ndi zida zosiyanasiyana kuti apange cholimba, chomwe chingamangidwe pafupifupi chilichonse. mawonekedwe.Kusindikiza kwamtsogolo kwa 3D kwakhalabe ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu kuyambira pakutsatsa kwake.Pamtima pa kusindikiza kwa 3D pali zida.Nayiloni ndiyabwino pamapulogalamu osindikizira a 3D chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwa abrasion, kulimba, mphamvu yayikulu komanso kulimba.Pakusindikiza kwa 3D, nayiloni ndiyoyenererana bwino ndi ma prototypes ndi magawo ogwira ntchito monga magiya ndi zida.Nayiloni ili ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika komanso kusinthasintha.Mbali zake zimasinthasintha zikasindikizidwa ndi makoma owonda komanso olimba zikasindikizidwa ndi makoma okhuthala.Zoyenera kupanga zida monga mahinji osuntha okhala ndi mbali zolimba komanso zolumikizira zosinthika.Popeza nayiloni ndi hygroscopic, mbali zake zimatha kupakidwa utoto mosavuta posamba utoto.

Mu Januware 2019, Evonik adapanga zida za nayiloni (TrogamidmyCX) zomwe zimakhala ndi ma monomer apadera a aliphatic ndi alicyclic.Ndilowoneka bwino, losagwirizana ndi UV, ndipo lili ndi zinthu zabwino zogwirira ntchito zowonekera kuposa 90% ndi kachulukidwe kochepera 1.03 g/cm3, komanso kukana abrasion ndi kulimba.Zikafika pazinthu zowonekera, PC, PS ndi PMMA zimabwera m'maganizo, koma tsopano amorphous PA ikhoza kuchita chimodzimodzi, ndipo ndi kukana kwamankhwala ndi kulimba kwabwino, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalasi apamwamba, ma ski visors, magalasi, ndi zina zambiri.